Documents carry much of the weight in international trade. They prove what was sold, how it travelled and who owns it. The exact set depends on the goods, the countries and the payment method.
Commonly used documents
- Commercial invoice: the seller's bill, describing goods, quantity and price.
- Packing list: what is in each package, with weights and dimensions.
- Bill of lading or other transport document: evidence of shipment and often a document of title.
- Certificate of origin: states where the goods were made.
- Insurance certificate: evidence of cover for goods in transit.
- Inspection or quality certificates, where required.
- Import or export licences and customs declarations.
Accuracy is everything
Details must be consistent across every document. Inconsistencies can cause customs delays or, under a letter of credit, the refusal of payment.
Confirm with customs authorities, your freight forwarder or your bank which documents apply to your transaction.
